Studies on Ginsan
Ginseng Polysaccharide

1. Immunomodulation & Cancer Therapy

  • A 14-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ginseng polysaccharide (Y-75). Cho YJ, Son HJ, Kim KS. (2014). J Transl Med., 12:283.

  • Inhibition of Autochthonous Tumor by Ethanol Insoluble Fraction from Panax ginseng as an Immunomodulator. Yun, Y. S., Lee, Y. S., Jo, S. K., & Jung, I. S. (1993). Journal of Korean Cancer Association.

  • Synergy of Polysaccharide Fraction from Root of Panax ginseng and Interleukin-2 in the Generation of Lymphokine Activated Killer Cells. Kim, Y. K., Lee, Y. S., Jung, I. S., Rhim, S. J., & Yun, Y. S. (1994). Korea Journal of Biological Response Modifiers, 4(1), 75–83.

  • Activation of Multiple Effector Pathways of Immune System by the Antineoplastic Immunostimulator Acidic Polysaccharide Ginsan Isolated from Panax ginseng. Lee, Y. S., Chung, I. S., Lee, I. R., Kim, K. H., Hong, W. S., & Yun, Y. S. (1997). Anticancer Research, 17, 323–332.

  • Preclinical Evaluation of Polysaccharides Extracted from Korean Red-ginseng as an Antineoplastic Immunostimulator. Kim, K. H., Jung, I. S., Chung, H. Y., Jo, S. K., & Yun, Y. S. (1997). Korean Journal of Ginseng Science, 21(2), 78–84.

  • Acidic Polysaccharide from Panax ginseng, Ginsan, Induces Th1 Cell and Macrophage Cytokines and Generates LAK Cells in Synergy with rIL-2. Kim, K. H., Lee, Y. S., Jung, I. S., Park, S. Y., Chung, H. Y., Lee, I. R., & Yun, Y. S. (1997). Planta Medica, 64.

  • The Pattern of Cytokine mRNA Expression Induced by Polysaccharide from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Kim, K. H., Lee, I. R., Jung, I. S., Chung, H. Y., & Yun, Y. S. (1998). Journal of Ginseng Research, 22(4), 324–330.

  • Screening of Antineoplastic Immunomodulator from Herbal Medicines. Song, J. Y., Yang, H. O., Pyo, S. N., Park, S. Y., Kim, K. H., Son, E. H., Kang, N. S., & Yun, Y. S. (1998). Yakhak Hoeji (Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea), 42(2), 132–139.

  • Cancer chemoprevention by ginseng in mouse liver and other organs. Nishino H, Tokuda H, Ii T, et al. (2001). J Korean Med Sci., 16(Suppl):S66-S69.

  • Anticarcinogenic effect of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and identification of active compounds. Yun TK, Lee YS, Lee YH, Kim SI, Yun HY. (2001). J Korean Med Sci., 16(Suppl):S6-S18.

  • Induction of secretory and tumoricidal activities in peritoneal macrophages by ginsan. Song JY, Han SK, Son EH, Pyo SN, Yun YS, Yi SY. (2002). Int Immunopharmacol., 2(6):857-865.

  • Immunomodulating activities of polysaccharides isolated from Panax ginseng. Lim TS, Na K, Choi EM, Chung JY, Hwang JK. (2004). J Med Food., 7(1):1-6.

  • Comparison between immunostimulatory activity and molecular structure of different polysaccharides. Shim JY, Jung IS, Kim CW, Yun YS, Song JY. (2004). Korean J Food Sci Technol., 36(2):331-337.

  • Immunomodulatory activity of ginsan, a polysaccharide of Panax ginseng, on dendritic cells. Kim MH, Byon YY, Ko EJ, Song JY, Yun YS, Shin T, Joo HG. (2009). Korean J Physiol Pharmacol., 13(3):169-173.

  • Acidic polysaccharide from Panax ginseng, ginsan, induces Th1 cell and macrophage polarization and inhibits tumor angiogenesis in melanoma-bearing mice. Kim KH, Lee YS, Jung IS, et al. (2011). Cancer Lett., 301(2):180-192.

  • Ginsan induces the Th1 cell and macrophage polarization through differential regulation of 2,3-dioxygenase and arginase-1 in tumor-bearing mice. Jung IS, Kim HG, Song JY, et al. (2012). Int Immunopharmacol., 14(4):761-768.

  • Immunostimulating effects of polysaccharides of Panax ginseng by oral administration into BALB/c mice. Kang MH, Park AY, Yang AH, et al. (2014). Biomed Sci Lett., 20(4):1-7.

2. Radioprotection & Hematopoiesis

  • Effect of Polysaccharide Extracted from Panax ginseng on Murine Hematopoiesis. Song, J. Y., Yi, S. Y., Jung, I. S., & Yun, Y. S. (2001). Journal of Ginseng Research, 25(2), 63–67.

  • Radioprotective effects of ginsan, an immunomodulator. Song JY, Han SK, Bae KG, et al. (2003). Radiat Res., 159(6):768-774.

  • Ginsan improved Th1 immune response inhibited by gamma radiation. Han SK, Song JY, Yun YS, Yi SY. (2005). Arch Pharm Res., 28(3):343-350.

  • Radioprotective effects of ginsan, an immunomodulator, in mice. Kim KH, Han YS, Son HJ, et al. (2005). Key Eng Mater., 277-279:653-659.

  • Chemoprotective and adjuvant effects of immunomodulator ginsan in cyclophosphamide-treated normal and tumor bearing mice. Shim JY, Han Y, Ahn JY, Yun YS, Song JY. (2007). Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol., 20(3):487-497.

  • Active factors of immune-enhancing ginseng polysaccharides that can predict radiation protective effects. Son HJ, Shim JY, Ahn JY, Yun YS, Song JY. (2008). Korean J. Radiat. Oncol., 26(3):173-180.

3. Infection, Sepsis & Organ Protection

  • Cytoprotective activity of pectic polysaccharides from the root of Panax ginseng. Sun XB, Matsumoto T, Kiyohara H, Hirano M, Yamada H. (1991). J Ethnopharmacol., 31(1):101-107.

  • Anti-Septicaemic Effect of Polysaccharide from Panax ginseng by Macrophage Activation. Lim, D. S., Bae, K. G., Jung, I. S., Kim, C. H., Yun, Y. S., & Song, J. Y. (2002). Journal of Infection, 45, 32–38.

  • Immunostimulating Effects of Acidic Polysaccharides Extract of Panax ginseng on Macrophage Function. Shin, J. Y., Song, J. Y., Yun, Y. S., Yang, H. O., Rhee, D. K., & Pyo, S. (2002). Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 24(3), 469–482.

  • Effects of polysaccharide ginsan from Panax ginseng on liver function. Song JY, Akhalaia M, Platonov A, et al. (2004). Arch Pharm Res., 27(5):531-538.

  • The immunomodulator ginsan induces resistance to experimental sepsis by inhibiting Toll-like receptor-mediated inflammatory signals. Ahn JY, Choi IS, Shim JY, et al. (2006). Eur J Immunol., 36(1):37-45.

  • Protection of Staphylococcus aureus-infected septic mice by suppression of early acute inflammation and enhanced antimicrobial activity by ginsan. Ahn JY, Song JY, Yun YS, Jeong G, Choi IS. (2006). FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol., 46(2):187-197.

  • Polysaccharide ginsan improves survival in a murine model of septic shock by enhancing bacterial clearance. Lee JH, Choi IS, Kim CW, et al. (2008). J Exp Med., 205(1):123-134.

  • Suppressive effects of ginsan on the development of allergic reaction in murine asthmatic model. Lim YJ, Na HS, Yun YS, et al. (2009). Int Arch Allergy Immunol., 150(1):32-42.

  • Protective action of the immunomodulator ginsan against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury via control of oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. Shim JY, Kim MH, Kim HD, Ahn JY, Yun YS, Song JY. (2010). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol., 242(3):318-325.

  • Ginsan enhances humoral antibody response to orally delivered antigen. Na HS, Lim YJ, Yun YS, Kweon MN, Lee HC. (2010). Immune Netw., 10(1):5-14.

  • Anti-fatigue activity of the water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Wang J, Li S, Fan Y, et al. (2010). J Ethnopharmacol., 130(2):421-423.

  • In vivo antimalarial activity of ginseng extracts. Han H, Chen Y, Bi H, et al. (2011). Pharm Biol., 49(3):283-289.

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